Noun + Noun | Unit 80 | PrepMyEnglish
PrepMyEnglish
Accueil English Grammar Unit 80 — Noun + Noun
Unit 80 · Grammar Lesson
Unité 80 · Leçon de Grammaire

Noun + Noun — a bus driver / a headache
Compounds · Three nouns · cup of coffee · a three-hour journey
Nom + Nom — a bus driver / a headache
Composés · Trois noms · cup of coffee · a three-hour journey

Master compound nouns: how two (or three) nouns combine, when to use a coffee cup vs a cup of coffee, and how to say a three-hour journey vs three hours.

Maîtrisez les noms composés : comment deux (ou trois) noms se combinent, quand utiliser a coffee cup vs a cup of coffee, et a three-hour journey vs three hours.

B1 – B2 5 Rules · 4 Exercises · 200-Q Quiz · PDF 5 Règles · 4 Exercices · Quiz 200 Q · PDF 🇬🇧 EN / 🇫🇷 FR

You can put two nouns together to describe a thing or person: a bus driver, income tax, the city centre. The first noun acts like an adjective — it tells us what kind of thing the second noun is. Key rule: the first noun is always singular, even when the meaning is plural.

On peut mettre deux noms ensemble pour décrire une chose ou une personne : a bus driver, income tax, the city centre. Le premier nom agit comme un adjectif. Règle clé : le premier nom est toujours singulier, même quand le sens est pluriel.

A

Two Nouns Together — First Noun Acts Like an Adjective

Deux Noms Ensemble — Le Premier Nom Agit Comme un Adjectif

Noun 1 + Noun 2 = one compound concept
Noun 1 is like an adjective — it says what KIND of thing Noun 2 is
a bus driver = the driver of a bus  ·  income tax = tax on your income  ·  the city centre = the centre of the city

More examples

Plus d'exemples

a television camera / programme / studio / producer
language problems · health problems · work problems
a frying pan · a washing machine · a swimming pool
a Paris hotel · my life story · a shoe shop

⚠️ First noun = ALWAYS singular

⚠️ Premier nom = TOUJOURS singulier

a car park (place to park cars)
an apple tree (tree that has apples)
a shoe shop (not a 'shoes shop')
a language school (not 'languages school')
💡
The first noun is like an adjective and is normally singular, even when the meaning is plural: a car park = a place to park cars. A shoe shop sells many shoes, but the compound uses the singular: shoe shop.
Le premier nom est toujours singulier, même si le sens est pluriel : un car park = un endroit pour garer des voitures. Un shoe shop vend beaucoup de chaussures, mais le composé utilise le singulier.

B

Sometimes Three (or More) Nouns Together

Parfois Trois Noms (ou Plus) Ensemble

English can chain multiple nouns. The last noun is the main noun; the others describe it:

L'anglais peut enchaîner plusieurs noms. Le dernier est le nom principal ; les autres le décrivent :

hotel + reception + desk hotel reception desk table tennis + table table tennis table World + Swimming + Championships tourist + information + office school + football + team film + production + company

C

One Word or Two? — No Clear Rules

Un Mot ou Deux ? — Pas de Règle Claire

When two nouns are together, sometimes we write them as one word, sometimes as two separate words. There are no clear rules. When in doubt, write two words.

Quand deux noms sont ensemble, on les écrit parfois en un seul mot, parfois en deux mots séparés. Il n'y a pas de règle claire. En cas de doute, écrivez deux mots.

One word

Un seul mot

headache  ·  toothpaste
weekend  ·  bedroom
bookshop  ·  sunglasses

Two words

Deux mots

car park  ·  road sign
bus driver  ·  shoe shop
swimming pool  ·  frying pan

D

a coffee cup (maybe empty) vs a cup of coffee (with coffee)

a coffee cup (peut-être vide) vs a cup of coffee (avec café)

Note the difference between the compound noun and the noun + of + noun pattern:

Notez la différence entre le nom composé et le schéma nom + of + nom :

Compound noun Nom composé Meaning Sens
a coffee cup a coffee cup = a cup of the type used for coffee (may be empty) = un type de tasse pour le café (peut être vide)
a shopping bag a shopping bag = a bag of the type used for shopping (may be empty) = un type de sac pour les courses (peut être vide)
a wine glass a wine glass = a glass of the type used for wine (may be empty) = un type de verre pour le vin (peut être vide)
a sugar bowl a sugar bowl = a bowl of the type used for sugar (may be empty) = un type de bol pour le sucre (peut être vide)

E

Number Compounds — a three-hour journey vs three hours

Composés avec Chiffres — a three-hour journey vs three hours

When a number compound comes before a noun, use hyphens and a singular noun. When it comes after a verb, use no hyphens and a plural noun:

Quand un composé numérique vient avant un nom, utilisez des traits d'union et un nom singulier. Quand il vient après un verbe, pas de trait d'union, nom pluriel :

BEFORE a noun → singular + hyphen(s)
a three-hour journey  ·  a ten-pound note  ·  a four-week course  ·  a six-mile walk  ·  a twelve-storey building  ·  a six-year-old child

AFTER a verb → plural, no hyphens
The journey took three hours.  ·  The note was worth ten pounds.  ·  The course lasted four weeks.  ·  The child is six years old.
⚠️
Compare: It was a four-week course. (before noun → four-week, singular)   BUT   The course lasted four weeks. (after verb → weeks, plural, no hyphen) Comparez : It was a four-week course. (avant le nom → singulier, trait d'union)   MAIS   The course lasted four weeks. (après le verbe → pluriel, sans trait d'union)
📌
Two 14-year-old girls — the compound adjective stays singular and hyphenated even when the main noun is plural. Her daughters are 14 years old (after verb = plural, no hyphens). Two 14-year-old girls — le composé reste singulier et avec traits d'union même si le nom principal est pluriel. Her daughters are 14 years old (après le verbe = pluriel, sans traits d'union).

Noun + Noun — Exercises

Nom + Nom — Exercices

Check your answers instantly

Vérifiez vos réponses instantanément

EX 1

What do we call these things and people? Write a noun+noun compound.

Comment appelle-t-on ces choses et ces personnes ? Écrivez un nom composé.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Answers: 1. bus driver  ·  2. health problems  ·  3. train ticket  ·  4. ticket machine  ·  5. racehorse  ·  6. horse race  ·  7. running shoes  ·  8. shoe shop
EX 2

Put the words in the right order to make a compound noun or phrase.

Mettez les mots dans le bon ordre pour former un nom composé.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Answers: 1. living room carpet  ·  2. school football team  ·  3. film production company  ·  4. life insurance policy  ·  5. tourist information office
EX 3

Which is correct — compound or noun of noun? Write the correct form.

Lequel est correct — composé ou nom of nom ? Écrivez la bonne forme.

1.
2.
3.
4.
Answers: 1. a cup of coffee  ·  2. coffee cup  ·  3. bags of shopping  ·  4. a glass of wine
EX 4

Which is correct — a two-hour flight or two hours flight? Write the correct option.

Lequel est correct — a two-hour flight ou two hours flight ? Écrivez la bonne option.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Answers: 1. a two-hour  ·  2. two hours  ·  3. a twenty-pound  ·  4. a four-week / four weeks  ·  5. six years old / a six-year-old

Frequently Asked Questions

Questions fréquentes

Why is it "a shoe shop" not "a shoes shop"?Pourquoi "a shoe shop" et non "a shoes shop" ?

In noun+noun compounds, the first noun always stays singular, even when the meaning is plural: shoe shop (sells shoes), car park (for cars), language school (teaches languages). Never add -s to the first noun.

Dans les noms composés, le premier nom reste toujours singulier, même si le sens est pluriel : shoe shop (vend des chaussures), car park (pour les voitures).

What's the difference between "a coffee cup" and "a cup of coffee"?Quelle est la différence entre "a coffee cup" et "a cup of coffee" ?

A coffee cup = the container designed for coffee — it might be empty. A cup of coffee = a cup containing coffee. Same difference applies to: a wine glass vs a glass of wine; a shopping bag vs a bag of shopping.

Un coffee cup = le contenant conçu pour le café — peut être vide. Un cup of coffee = une tasse contenant du café.

Why "a two-hour journey" but "two hours"?Pourquoi "a two-hour journey" mais "two hours" ?

When the number compound comes before a noun: use singular + hyphens: a two-hour journey, a ten-pound note, a four-week course. When it comes after a verb: use plural, no hyphens: the journey took two hours, the note was worth ten pounds.

Avant un nom : singulier + traits d'union : a two-hour journey. Après un verbe : pluriel, sans traits d'union : the journey took two hours.

Is "a racehorse" different from "a horse race"?"A racehorse" est-il différent de "a horse race" ?

Yes! A racehorse = a horse that runs in races (the horse is the main thing). A horse race = a race for horses (the race is the main thing). Order matters in noun+noun compounds — swapping the nouns changes the meaning completely.

Oui ! A racehorse = un cheval qui court dans des courses. A horse race = une course pour les chevaux. L'ordre est important.

Are compound nouns one word or two?Les noms composés s'écrivent-ils en un mot ou deux ?

There are no clear rules. Some are one word (headache, toothpaste, weekend), some are two words (car park, road sign, bus driver). When in doubt, write two separate words — this is almost always acceptable.

Il n'y a pas de règle claire. Certains sont en un mot (headache, toothpaste), d'autres en deux mots (car park, road sign). En cas de doute, écrivez deux mots séparés.

🎯 Unit 80 · MCQ Quiz

Noun + Noun — Quiz

Nom + Nom — Quiz

200-question bank · up to 50 questions per session · instant feedback

Banque de 200 questions · jusqu'à 50 questions · correction immédiate

200 QuestionsB1 · B2PDF ✓

⚙️ Quiz Settings

Noun + Noun — Quiz

20 questions

out of 20 questions
Correct
Wrong
Skipped

PrepMyEnglish™

Learn and speak better English

Apprenez et parlez un meilleur anglais